# Top 10 Canonical Juju Alternatives & Competitors **Average Rating:** 4.5/5 **Total Number of Reviews:** 7 Canonical Juju is not the only option for Configuration Management Tools. Explore other competing options and alternatives. Other important factors to consider when researching alternatives to Canonical Juju include reliability and ease of use. The best overall Canonical Juju alternative is Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform. Other similar apps like Canonical Juju are IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform), Red Hat OpenShift, GitLab, and GitHub. Canonical Juju alternatives can be found in [Configuration Management Tools](https://www.g2.com/categories/configuration-management) but may also be in [Version Control Hosting Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/version-control-hosting) or [Cloud Infrastructure Automation Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-infrastructure-automation). ## Best Paid & Free Alternatives to Canonical Juju - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/products/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform/reviews) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/products/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform/reviews) - [Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/products/red-hat-red-hat-openshift/reviews) - [GitLab](https://www.g2.com/products/gitlab/reviews) - [GitHub](https://www.g2.com/products/github/reviews) - [CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/products/cloudbees/reviews) - [VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/products/vmware-vsphere/reviews) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/products/servicenow-it-service-management/reviews) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/products/optimizely-web-experimentation/reviews) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/products/vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf/reviews) ## Top 10 Alternatives to Canonical Juju Recently Reviewed By G2 Community Browse options below. Based on reviewer data, you can see how Canonical Juju stacks up to the competition, check reviews from current & previous users in industries like Information Technology and Services, Banking, and Biotechnology, and find the best product for your business. ### 1. [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/products/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform/reviews) By Red Hat **Average Rating:** 4.6/5 **Total Reviews:** 377 Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform is a simple way to automate apps and infrastructure. Application Deployment + Configuration Management + Continuous Delivery. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform is: - Better at support - Easier to set up - More usable Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Configuration Management](https://www.g2.com/categories/configuration-management), [Cloud Infrastructure Automation](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-infrastructure-automation) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) **Compare Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform with other alternatives:** - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ### 2. [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/products/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform/reviews) By HashiCorp **Average Rating:** 4.6/5 **Total Reviews:** 109 HashiCorp Terraform is a tool that collaborate on infrastructure changes to reduce errors and simplify recovery. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) is: - Easier to set up - Better at support - More usable Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Configuration Management](https://www.g2.com/categories/configuration-management), [Cloud Infrastructure Automation](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-infrastructure-automation) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform) **Compare IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) with other alternatives:** - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) - [IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform) vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ### 3. [Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/products/red-hat-red-hat-openshift/reviews) By Red Hat **Average Rating:** 4.5/5 **Total Reviews:** 304 Red Hat OpenShift is a platform for creating and deploying any application, quickly and easily, on virtually any infrastructure. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, Red Hat OpenShift is: - Better at support - Easier to set up Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Container Orchestration](https://www.g2.com/categories/container-orchestration) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) **Compare Red Hat OpenShift with other alternatives:** - [Red Hat OpenShift vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [Red Hat OpenShift vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [Red Hat OpenShift vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [Red Hat OpenShift vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [Red Hat OpenShift vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [Red Hat OpenShift vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-red-hat-openshift-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [Red Hat OpenShift vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-red-hat-openshift-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [Red Hat OpenShift vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [Red Hat OpenShift vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-red-hat-openshift-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ### 4. [GitLab](https://www.g2.com/products/gitlab/reviews) By GitLab Inc. **Average Rating:** 4.5/5 **Total Reviews:** 897 An open source web interface and source control platform based on Git. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, GitLab is: - Better at support - Easier to set up - More usable Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Cloud Infrastructure Automation](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-infrastructure-automation) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-gitlab) **Compare GitLab with other alternatives:** - [GitLab vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [GitLab vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform) - [GitLab vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [GitLab vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-gitlab) - [GitLab vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-gitlab) - [GitLab vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [GitLab vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [GitLab vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) - [GitLab vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ### 5. [GitHub](https://www.g2.com/products/github/reviews) By GitHub **Average Rating:** 4.7/5 **Total Reviews:** 2,373 GitHub is the best place to share code with friends, co-workers, classmates, and complete strangers. Over two million people use GitHub to build amazing things together. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, GitHub is: - Easier to set up - Better at support - Better at meeting requirements Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Configuration Management](https://www.g2.com/categories/configuration-management), [Cloud Infrastructure Automation](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-infrastructure-automation) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-github) **Compare GitHub with other alternatives:** - [GitHub vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [GitHub vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform) - [GitHub vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [GitHub vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-gitlab) - [GitHub vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-github) - [GitHub vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [GitHub vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [GitHub vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) - [GitHub vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ### 6. [CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/products/cloudbees/reviews) By CloudBees **Average Rating:** 4.4/5 **Total Reviews:** 621 Enabling the world’s biggest and brightest companies to transition from incoherent, disconnected DevOps to self-service, fast, secure workflows connecting software delivery to business outcomes. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, CloudBees is: - Better at support - More usable - Easier to set up Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Configuration Management](https://www.g2.com/categories/configuration-management) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-cloudbees) **Compare CloudBees with other alternatives:** - [CloudBees vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [CloudBees vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform) - [CloudBees vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [CloudBees vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-gitlab) - [CloudBees vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-github) - [CloudBees vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [CloudBees vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [CloudBees vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) - [CloudBees vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ### 7. [VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/products/vmware-vsphere/reviews) By Broadcom **Average Rating:** 4.5/5 **Total Reviews:** 761 VMware vSphere is a free bare-metal hypervisor that virtualizes servers so you can consolidate your applications on less hardware. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, VMware vSphere is: - Better at support - Easier to set up - More usable Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Container Orchestration](https://www.g2.com/categories/container-orchestration) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-vmware-vsphere) **Compare VMware vSphere with other alternatives:** - [VMware vSphere vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware vSphere vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware vSphere vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-red-hat-openshift-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware vSphere vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware vSphere vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware vSphere vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware vSphere vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/servicenow-it-service-management-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware vSphere vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware vSphere vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf-vs-vmware-vsphere) ### 8. [ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/products/servicenow-it-service-management/reviews) By ServiceNow **Average Rating:** 4.5/5 **Total Reviews:** 1,887 ServiceNow delivers an IT Service Management experience that is faster, smarter, and more automated than ever. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, ServiceNow IT Service Management is: - Better at support - Easier to set up - More usable Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Configuration Management](https://www.g2.com/categories/configuration-management) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) **Compare ServiceNow IT Service Management with other alternatives:** - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-red-hat-openshift-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/servicenow-it-service-management-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [ServiceNow IT Service Management vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/servicenow-it-service-management-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ### 9. [Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/products/optimizely-web-experimentation/reviews) By Optimizely **Average Rating:** 4.2/5 **Total Reviews:** 411 Start experimenting with confidence—whether launching your first test or scaling a sophisticated experimentation program. Optimizely Web Experimentation delivers the insights you need to craft high-performing digital experiences that drive engagement, increase conversions, and accelerate growth. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, Optimizely Web Experimentation is: - Better at support - Easier to set up Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Configuration Management](https://www.g2.com/categories/configuration-management) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) **Compare Optimizely Web Experimentation with other alternatives:** - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-red-hat-ansible-automation-platform) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-red-hat-red-hat-openshift) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-optimizely-web-experimentation) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-servicenow-it-service-management) - [Optimizely Web Experimentation vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ### 10. [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/products/vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf/reviews) By Broadcom **Average Rating:** 4.4/5 **Total Reviews:** 669 VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) provides the easiest way to deploy and run a hybrid cloud. VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) provides integrated cloud infrastructure (compute, storage, networking and security) and cloud management services to run enterprise applications in both private and public environments. Reviewers say compared to Canonical Juju, VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) is: - Better at support - Easier to set up - Better at meeting requirements Categories in common with Canonical Juju: [Container Orchestration](https://www.g2.com/categories/container-orchestration), [Cloud Infrastructure Automation](https://www.g2.com/categories/cloud-infrastructure-automation) **Compare:** [Canonical Juju vs VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF)](https://www.g2.com/compare/canonical-juju-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) **Compare VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) with other alternatives:** - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-ansible-automation-platform-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs IBM Terraform (formerly HashiCorp Terraform)](https://www.g2.com/compare/ibm-terraform-formerly-hashicorp-terraform-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs Red Hat OpenShift](https://www.g2.com/compare/red-hat-red-hat-openshift-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs GitLab](https://www.g2.com/compare/gitlab-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs GitHub](https://www.g2.com/compare/github-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs CloudBees](https://www.g2.com/compare/cloudbees-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs VMware vSphere](https://www.g2.com/compare/vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf-vs-vmware-vsphere) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs ServiceNow IT Service Management](https://www.g2.com/compare/servicenow-it-service-management-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) - [VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) vs Optimizely Web Experimentation](https://www.g2.com/compare/optimizely-web-experimentation-vs-vmware-cloud-foundation-vcf) ## Explore Articles - [What is the best app for handling payroll effortlessly?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-the-best-app-for-handling-payroll-effortlessly) - [What is the most affordable video interviewing software for SMBs?](https://www.g2.com/discussions/what-is-the-most-affordable-video-interviewing-software-for-smbs) - [Best EDI software](https://www.g2.com/discussions/best-edi-software-in-2025-expert-advice-needed) - [Best fleet management solutions for reducing fuel costs](https://www.g2.com/discussions/best-fleet-management-solutions-for-reducing-fuel-costs) - [Top ABM ad tools for targeting enterprise accounts](https://www.g2.com/discussions/top-abm-ad-tools-for-targeting-enterprise-accounts) - [Which user research app is top rated for service industry](https://www.g2.com/discussions/which-user-research-app-is-top-rated-for-service-industry) ## Spotlight Categories - [CMMS Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/cmms) - [Background Check Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/background-check) - [Managed File Transfer (MFT) Software](https://www.g2.com/categories/managed-file-transfer-mft)